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– John Cox, MA, Cascade Mountains

The Debate without Evidence is no Debate

Just a quick communication here, for ammunition to debate-against the Non-Indigenous status of Wild Horses’, This explains a lot of the evidence, not all, to prove our side of the debate – against their side, which they have no scientific evidence, nor patterns of life-forms consistent with Wild Horses going extinct for 10,000 years (evolution does not “just-happen one day — it is spread over long periods of time, with “no” gaps i.e. Samulson 1991, Godfred 1987 et al.) – The non-indigenous theories are simply all surmised from a base of misinformation and hearsay, with conjecture & opinion added into the false paradigm. . . in another words No Evidence . . .

It’s estimated 11,000 to 13,000 years ago the Wild Horses went extinct, or at the end of the Pleistocene era. But we disagree with those numbers, as well as the extinction-theory, entirely. We discover many problems with the common Carbon-Dating method that establish these numbers for accuracy, due to the averages associated with the Carbon-Dating creates within its process, which can be off by 450-500 with some objects, and within some areas and with examination by testing bone-piles as evidence, 800-1,000 years off — at times, upon each test result – for example, 3 separate bone femurs from supposedly the same horse, could all be “off” by 1,000 years. We know this cannot happen logically, so this is a worthless situation to provide as evidence. . . and to send a species to extinction, simply is just not enough credible evidence to do so.

I will remain generic here, as a paper is in the making, with more of a technical discussion and more elaborate facts . . . Another problem is many resources, out of convenience, simply discuss Alaska, where many mammals, inclusive of Wild Horses, supposedly went extinct (as well as Bison), and after the Pleistocene Era. Keep in mind bone-piles were not available to archaeologists in modern-times in those digs, or areas in Alaska, (“Absence of Evidence does not mean Evidence of Absence”, an old quote by Dr Carl Sagan – means, in a very simple term, that, if there is lack of evidence of presence of a thing, does not always conclude to the absence of that thing totally). What they neglected was the remainder of the southern United States, or the lower 48, as well as British Columbia.

Opinion and conjecture, once again, and absence in limited areas, formed the non-credible yet accepted, terms of non-existence. Then we find it was “. . . noteworthy not to challenge this belief, if one wanted to maintain their credibility in the field of Research (i.e. Smithsonian Inst. Et al.)”

This bias was allowed to become the evidence, only due to – no one wanted to decipher the truth of the information; nor, did anyone really have the equipment at those times, to actually do an accurate job.

It remained, similar to the propaganda that exists today, with the Wild Horse Over-Population on Public Lands. Once again, today, we find the same types of bias, when we find their categorical classification as “non-Indigenous”, as well as designated “Pests” for industrial profits, not based upon any science, at all. This was accomplished approximately 8 to 10 years ago, to use Pesticides on them legally, and in accord with Federal Herbicide and Pesticide use laws – but indeed violated the WH&B Act of 1971. . .

 Then we go to PEER 2015 — detailed in a report how the DOI/BLM dropped cattle from “research” on all Public Lands, and disqualified any researchers that would promote any agenda to do so; then, would assure no funding go to a researcher if they attempted to do so, so destruction in any research papers by cattle would automatically defer to Wild Horses).

The point is, when anyone discusses this particular extinction of Wild Hoses, they are only discussing Alaska and vicinity, as those were the only areas where digs existed when they developed this unsubstantiated opinion into an unproven hypothesis – yet, accepted as truth . . .

The noted extinction of Wild Horses, among other mammals, also grazers, and found direct conflicts exist, with e.g. the Mammoth, Pygmy Mammoth, Cave drawings of horses, and horse bones dated currently within the lower 48 states, at that time as well. et al. In the lower 48, during this supposed extinction episode, they did not go extinct at all. Evidence outweighs the hearsay, currently, but the government and the Smithsonian, for example, refuse to budge on their opinionated history only, that has no evidence to back them up, at all – other than hearsay.

But we see the same things, as we see in several research papers, upon the use of Pesticides as a Birth Control situation, and most, at the start of the Technical Research papers, state clearly, “. . . it goes without saying, Wild Horses upon Public Lands are Overpopulated. . .”

No – it does not go without saying! It would be very significant, and necessary information, to show credible statistics, and rise in populations, if not managed differently.

For example, ratios of horses per land-space, per each state – then compared to cattle and sheep populations, but researchers do not show that; birth and death rates do not show that; even the overly extended numbers from DOI/BLM do not show that; nor, is there any solid evidence that clearly shows us, there is any over-population at all on Public Lands.

Evidence to back the DOI/BLM about much of anything having to do with Wild Horses, does not exist. A lot of hearsay, a lot of conjecture, a lot of DOI/BLM employees that are obnoxious to the public if any one disputes them, and we find no credibility in the DOI/BLM presence on Public Lands, at all . . . for several significant reasons. All Corrupt!

First, no one investigates nor does appropriate research of this “supposed” Wild Horse Over-population even exists; secondly, no one discussed the facts that the DOI/BLM “do not enter” not only Roundup-Deductions of Wild Horses taken off Public Lands, but Birth Rate Ratios vs Death Rate Ratios, are not considered, at all . . . Basic “averaging” of Statistical Data is based upon all of this, but is not done.

The fact is, we have a problem with the way Horses in general have been treated over the centuries. Especially the Wild Horses. Yet, evidence shows us, quite clearly I might add, the evolutionary process never stopped, of the Wild Horses in the Americas. As evidence shows us through simple eDNA and mDNA . . .

We also find, nearly 5,000 – 6,000 years ago, at the beginning of language and the written form of communication, there existed the phonic origination of words (Rome and Egypt, started the basis toward an alphabet for writing purposes et al.), and the symbolic origination (i.e. drawings and symbols – China and Siberia, et al.) of communicating in written form, from China, both Siberian and Mandarin languages, and those traveling bands of Siberian tribes, in the Ancient North Americas. Many finds of lettering and symbolic communication both, drawn upon cave walls, or rock faces in River Gorges, et al, discussing Wild Horses during a time they were supposedly extinct. Many dated found to be 3,000 to 5,000 years old. 1.) Hieroglyph, a character used in a system of pictorial writing, particularly that form used on ancient Egyptian monuments. Hieroglyphic symbols may represent the objects that they depict but usually stand for particular-sounds or groups of sounds. 2.) petroglyphs, or a rock carving, or engraved into stone, especially a prehistoric one.

This information alone, carries the weight of Evidence quite well. This is contrary and directly in opposition against those who want to send America’s Wild Horses to extinction. The government agency corruption & corrupted non-profits and corrupted industry on public Lands, essentially, have no evidence at all for their opinions. Frankly, it becomes nothing more than conjecture, about Wild Horses be non-indigenous.

More on this in the weeks to come.

We see many problems with Wild Horses when they are fenced-in, or limited within their Rangeland Movements. One of the situations that develops with a Wild Horse is Survivability-Ratio Decreases when limited movement occurs. For example, Sanctuary settings, when a Wild Horse cannot roam for long distances – Yes, one of the factors (of several more) of keeping a Wild Horse Wild, is their ability to roam.

Wild Horses maintain their hooves by moving long distances, 20 to 40 miles (30 to 60 km) a day, over rough terrains, wile roaming for pasture/graze locations. This keeps their hooves healthy and by building hard hooves (chipped hooves rebuild quickly when healthy, and Immune Systems’ strong) that do not need shoeing and wearing down (trimming) the hoof, which prevents overgrowth.

Additionally, natural selection only allows the survival of the fittest. So wild horses tend to have genetically healthier feet. Observation – 22 Bands of Wild Horses on 10,400 acres app. — compared to Mixed-Bands that roam 500 acres or less and darted w/experimental pesticides in what is termed Sanctuary Settings. Pesticides nor Toxic Chemicals “not” used upon the 22 Bands (John W. Cox, ongoing study 2010 – —-, unpublished). . .

In “unfenced wilderness areas”, Wild Horses will roam for many hours every day, across rough terrain, searching for pasture. We also have observed Mares that were darted with the experimental Pesticide PZP and Pesticide GONACON (experimental, mixed toxic chemicals that break-down the horse’s Immune System and Survivability Complex – then roam 500 acres or less in sanctuary settings) having many more problems with their hooves, as well as very dull-coats, that stand out from many of the other supposed Wild Horses (as well as appearing sickly at times). Hoof problems occur, Survivability Decreases, longevity of life span decreases. (i.e. Ibid . . . observed with Horses in Mixed-Band Groups on 500 acres or less)

Published Studies (Brian Hampson, 2011. The effects of the environment on the feral horse foot) have identified that although horses living in hard surface environments appear to have robust feet, they are subject to traumatic laminitis and concussive pathologies associated with this environment.) . . .

Lead Researcher Note: We find this to be true, but inconsistent with the larger Roam-Areas and Pesticides nor other Toxic Chemicals Not Used; yet, consistent in 500 Ares or less Sanctuaries . . .

Conclusion

Within this synopsis, we find from constant observations within Research Parameters or T-Points, that to maintain the Wild Nature of Wild Horses, minimal 10,000 acres Sanctuary setting mandatory, then left entirely along to accomplish what Wild Horses do Naturally – Provide a Healthy Ecological habitat. Anything smaller than prescribed, as observed, and the Wild Horses no longer Wild, but turn Domestic within a short-term of habitation – with all of the domestic horse circumstances and health issues.

We also observe a more costly approach, with the term Sanctuary, that also changes Horse Dynamics to a non-specified occurrence of mortality. We compared this to our 10,000 acre area minimum, where survivability, as well as Birth Rates Decrease Exponentially (1% to 3% consistently on a yearly basis).

Birth Rates also decrease, within a Natural Selection complex of 10,000 acres or more, providing a Birth-to-Death Rate a fundamental Natural Process of Birth Control (Ibid . . . 1% to 3% yearly), that does not Affect the Natural Habitat health; whereas, the use of experimental Pesticides, et al, does also, affect the Natural Health of the environment, as we observed the negative “Other” habitat circumstances develop uncontrolled by management.

We also find Birth Rates inconsistently larger within small sanctuaries and experimental toxic chemicals darted into horses, or, much higher, than the Natural Selection Process comparatively, when larger roam Areas for Sanctuary exist daily. We observed that the much larger characteristic of Birth Rates are intolerable in the smaller habitats, or those less than 10,000 acres or more, circumstance.

We have found the government’ statistics inconsistent with reality statistics, in the matters of Wild Horse Population Growth, while actually observing Wild Horses in the Field, both in Sanctuary settings as well upon Public Lands. Allowing Wild Horses to Roam Freely, essentially, and no Birth Controls used upon them, we find less population growth, and consistent Habitat Health a positive situation, as well as less costly to manage. (Unpublished – Research and Observation ongoing)

— Synopsis John W. Cox, Research Lead