Tag: artificial-intelligence

  • Terminology & Speech Patterns:  Wolves – Wild Horses – Cattle

    Article by
    John Cox, M.A. C/M

    “Throughout our history in America, we have become the, shall I not mix-terms, victims of people’s mis-use of terminology-patterns. . . Or, our speech and terms we impose upon others. Speech patterns are nothing more than sounds we have accepted to communicate, over the past, from approximately 5,000 years ago. These patterns developed when we learned to form words, from alphabets designed from animal-drawings, and sounds (Nature); thereby, connecting them creatively with other patterns and lines found in Nature. We then intermixed these elements into language.

    The sounds we use are not worldwide, so no necessity to assume superiority exists, as each system of communication varies throughout the world, of sounds, chirps, clicks of the tongue, of smacking of the lips, or growls and grunts, et al.; which were, around much longer, than our English Language. To each tribal circumstance, speech patterns vary widely. Then formally formatted into structural verse, or the written language.

    Aristotle did not discover our written language, but he created the first formal system of logic, and pioneered structural rules for speech, meaning, and propositions. He had no idea at that time, doing something “good”, could eventually evolve into something with a diversity of use, positive, and, unfortunately, negative.

    Communicate, yes, and purvey ideas and ideologies, as well as discuss potentials for life itself, and just plain-ol’ get along with others, for understanding and perspectives. But there developed a negative-side, used by people that would, and did to this day, use it to pander, manipulate, develop confrontation & hatred, start wars, misuse terms, et al. Yes, extreme humane-traits, indeed, and why Ethics and Morality, Aristotle’s answer to the language itself and how to perhaps use it properly, as he observed at the same time, terminology of words being misused.

    The question does arise, what does Wolves or Wild Horses, have to do with all of this? A lot, quite frankly. We observe today such terms as Re-Wilding, Indigenous, Nonindigenous, Conservation, Necessity, Reasoning, Tradition, Heritage, among many others, or such terms as Rural & Urban Divide, being used to convey many different approaches toward Nature.

    Aristotle viewed written language as secondary symbols for spoken words, which in turn symbolize mental experiences; thereby, we perceive particular terms to mean more than others, i.e. non-franchised terms so to speak weaker in context, in order to develop a pattern, as one to carry more weight or power over other terms of lesser value. And use deductively, for formal and deductive reasoning and symbols, e.g. the use of “And”, at the start of a sentence, or “misuse” as some suppose, in regard to grammar, draws attention, then turns subordinate to the thought purveyed. . .

    Many authors use it, Fitzgerald, et al., as the English Grammar snobs’ heads spin, in disgust LOL. Yet, starting a sentence with “And” is completely grammatically correct, despite a widespread myth to the contrary. While some people were taught in school that beginning a sentence with a coordinating conjunction is an error, Aristotle actually addressed the importance of “correctness” (or hellenismos) in his work Rhetoric, focusing on clarity and appropriate style, rather than the use of rigid, or arbitrary rules.

    When we use language in an arbitrary manner, we find confusion. Hunters and Trappers and Ranchers that, for example, over-kill Wildlife in America, and add to the problem for our Natural Habitats, in particular in Wilderness Areas, and is without a doubt outright-destructive. Through this misuse of terminology, we find hatred and severe animosity toward those who do not assume, nor, believe for one second, that Hunters and Trappers or Ranchers are Conservationists.

    Too much evidence to show us conflicts in the term exists. Distractions arise, and soon we discover innuendo, and lies that develop into just how obscure the term “Conservation” has become, or how menial, and has developed into a “distraction” rather than something helpful to our standards of Natural Resources and Wilderness Management Paradigms. Time is wasted on attempts to adapt, confusion toward the term explodes, and the debate then become not of “Conservation” but what we have to sacrifice for Hunters, Trappers, and Ranchers (using our Public Lands for more definable terminology) to even exist. We can also, reasonably I might add, and knowledgeably, combine this with the Wild Horse Conflict – same reasoning, same altercation in meaning, and similar sacrifices, merely cloaked as Over-Population Fears, or extended lies of destruction done by Wolves and/or Wild Horses.

    The fact is, terminology and how we adjust it, especially when speaking about our Wildlife and how it conflicts with industry, or creates this supposed Rural – Urban Divide, panders to nothing more than mis-use of terminology, brought about by fear, yes, but also by many outright lies. The lies expansive. The extensive fabrication and exaggeration of how destructive Wild Horses and Wolves are, when compared to the truth about how destructive Ranching, Hunting, and Trapping really are, in reality, currently.” — John Cox, M.A. C/M

  • Cognitive Science/Neuroscience – Truthful Wildlife & Human Interaction Exposed – Change Needed

    Article by
    John Cox, M.A. C/M

    I find bias to be a strong motive within our Wildlife Culture, developed through years of mis-guided social relevance, social-engineering actually, favoring Wildlife that is hunted / trapped and killed in reference to Sport, and other Wildlife neglected — I find this with People & Wildlife. Here I discuss Wildlife and Cognitive Science (Peer Reviews would be improved; whereas, bias and often outright bigotry in science (e.g. Special Interest Group Science for Exploitation can be detected easily, through truthful and technical perusal), within given terminology and aspect-generation of choice — i.e. Whereas, Reduce or End Sports Hunting/Trapping, or to develop our Wilderness areas for Ecological Health as a priority, rather than a forethought, or ignored in total, as I observe today.

    Cognitive science reveals that bias, bigotry, and hate are rooted in the brain’s natural, often irrational, drive to categorize, generalize, and protect in groups, which can be exacerbated by social conditioning. These biases, while having roots in cognitive shortcuts for danger avoidance, can be actively managed and reduced through conscious effort, logic, and improved social norms. 

    Key Concepts in Cognitive Science, Bias, and Hate:

    • Implicit Bias: The human mind constantly categorizes to process information, often creating generalizations that, while not inherently bigoted, lead to prejudice if left unchecked.
    • Dehumanization: A critical factor in hate, where one group is viewed as inferior or less evolved, providing a rationale for bias and violent actions.
    • Social Conditioning: Segregation and environment reinforce natural tendencies to categorize, contributing to the development of prejudice.
    • Cognitive Mechanisms of Hate: Intense, irrational, and emotional feelings directed toward individuals or groups.
    • Reducing Bias: Research suggests that using logic and conscious effort to overcome biases is key. 

    Wildlife and Animal Cognition Connection:

    • Animal Cognitive Biases: Animals, like humans, experience cognitive biases that influence decisions such as foraging or social interaction.
    • Emotional Contagion: Studies show that birds, like ravens, display emotional sensitivity and judgment biases, similar to human emotional,, subconscious processes.
    • Peak Shift Effect: Research, including in bumblebees, shows that learned behaviors can create shifts in perception, creating a model for understanding how biases form.
    • Speciesism: Humans often exhibit an instinctual, and sometimes unjustified, superiority toward their own species, which can lead to indifference to the suffering of others. 

    Scientific Approaches to Understanding Bias:

    • Neuroscience and Brain Mapping: Brain imaging is used to understand the neural foundations of implicit racial bias, allowing researchers to study biases without relying on self-reporting.
    • Debiasing Techniques: Scientific methods, such as randomized control trials and double-blind studies, are designed to minimize the impact of human bias in research. 

    Conclusion:
    Cognitive science demonstrates that while humans are wired for categorization and the development of biases, awareness and conscious, logical intervention can mitigate the effects of bigotry and hate.  The time for Special Interest Groups, must come to an end. Our Ecological Habitats, which directly effect our over-all environment we all must live within, will be too harsh to breath the air, or drink the Water — as we all acknowledge, upon this planet in order to survive, we must locate water – good air to breath – a source of food and replenishment – and shelter. This is the very basis of Life upon this planet, as well as in America.

    Myself and others here, are now approaching these endeavors, within a Cognitive Scientific & Nonscientific approach toward Wildlife Management, as should be, and should have been done years ago. The fact that a supposed $-Billions of dollars in taxpayer money as well as some obscure situations with paying taxes for outdoor activities, also going to Wildlife Management, I find it very cumbersome, that when we review the statistics, that only 2.4% of all of these supposed funds go to actual Wildlife Management, i.e. from State to State as well as Federal. The entire Landscape of Wildlife Management Needs Changed — From country, to State, to Federal.” — John Cox, M.A. C/M