Author: Photographer — Journalist

Article by John Cox, Cascade Mountains

“It’s pretty much a joke how the entire horse program is handled,” says Dale Tunnell, Special Agent in charge of the BLM’s division of Law Enforcement in Santa Fe. “They’ll run one herd into another management area and say it’s overpopulated. Then they’ll take a certain number of horses off the land. The cattle ranchers have a significant say on how those ranges are managed. The managers will do anything to keep those ranchers off their hind ends. The whole purpose is to remove wild horses from the public lands. If they could decimate the herds to where they could die out and become extinct, it would make the politicians and the bureaucrats extremely happy.” This still goes on today, as you read this article.

There are times when we come across something that appears extremely suspicious.  Often we simply let it pass, as our time is a valuable commodity.  Then there are times when a subject is so blatantly wrong that it is understood within our minds-of-minds that actually “Taking a Stand” becomes of importance.  So it is with the Wild Horse Herd Roundups conducted by the Bureau of Land Management, or BLM from here onward.

An Informant

BLM Agent interviews an Informant on the subject of stealing horses from the BLM Wild Horse Herd Roundups:

“. . . Agent:  Is this a pretty good organization?  This sounds like something that’s pretty well planned out, it’s a big organization.

Informant:  Well, its very well set up, you know.  There’s nobody that participates in it that isn’t well known and don’t know what’s going on.

Agent:  Do you feel like there’s people inside the BLM that know about this practice, that are a part of this practice?

Informant:  Sure.  We can’t operate unless they’re standing there. . .”¹

The Burns Amendment

In an “An Interview with Former Sen. Conrad Burns,” he admits collusion with Senator Reid, Nevada.  It has been shown their motivation toward doing this Amendment to be simply an excuse, essentially based on well known but false information, which provided them an open-door situation to create a protection circumstance, to friends and other coordinators.  It did and many people who “. . . know what’s going on. . .” (from the Interview above) carried on illegal operations, horse stealing, and profiteering from Federal Lands, all America’s lands and American Government Property, and at a heavy expense.

“In the world of equine welfare there may be no person subject to derision than former Montana Sen. Conrad Burns. An ardent supporter of horses as a commodity to be sold for whatever reason their owner deems profitable, the former auctioneer lost his seat in the U.S. Senate to a farmer, Jon Tester, after passage of the Burns Amendment. The law was passed in the dead of night after it was attached to an appropriations bill nobody had read. For the first time, in an exclusive interview with Horseback Magazine, Burns tells how the revocation of the law came about.”

Burns: “Well, [Sen.] Harry Reid came to me and said, I’ve got a problem in Nevada.’ And I said “˜What kind of a problem do you have?’ Because we don’t have a problem up in Montana.”

Horseback: So what happened then?”

Burns: So he and I, up in his office, got together and we crafted that amendment because they’ve really got that problem of over grazing down there. That’s how that came about.”

Horseback: It was actually Reid’s idea, huh?

Burns: Yeah, well it was his problem, I just helped him solve it, that’s all.”

Horseback: “Well, you did a pretty good job of it.”²

It was called the Burns Amendment. Senator Burns, Montana, and Senator Reid, Nevada, wrote the Amendment the night before a (approximate 2004/2005) Budget Amendment.  The “Budget Amendment was to be signed the following morning by President Bush.  Without scrutiny or votes or discussion by Congress or the Senate, these two legislators attached this “Amendment to the 1971 Horse and Burro Act” onto this other piece of legislation.  This blatantly usurped the Democratic process; as well it is a SLAP IN THE FACE to all Americans and Veterans who sacrifice so much, as the BLM basically use the system for personal gains.  It remains in place to this day.  How can this BE?

One of the reasons Burns stated doing this, and usurping the Democratic process, was his perceptions of grazing and grasslands available to cattle.  The fact is, and always has been for years and well known to ALL, BLM, contractors, and activists alike, that the reports and research were erroneous and invalid.

“Grazing has been asserted to influence such key ecological characteristics as water quality, net primary productivity, nutrient cycling, plant and animal diversity, wildlife habitat availability, and oak regeneration (Belsky and others 1999, Kauffmann and Krueger 1984).”  Valid Grasslands Management biologists and specialists also attest, “Many reports on grazing affects either fail to establish adequate experimental controls or are inadequately documented as to the details of grazing. (Allen-Diaz and others 1999, Tate and others1999).  They are directly referencing BLM Grassland studies and terrestrial reports.  You will learn why later within this article.

Within this particular discussion we can also look at the laws, “If you file a document that you know contains false, erroneous, or fictitious information or statements, you may be subject to criminal penalties under 18 U.S.C. 1001 and 43 U.S.C. 1212. The maximum penalty is 5 years in prison and/or a fine of $250,000.” BLM Legal Handbook.

The BLM and Cover-Up Incidents

“I had agents,” says Tunnell, “that I’d sent to Oklahoma on some wild-horse cases who had determined that there was a lot of cover-up and falsification of reports–some pretty dirty dealings. I got my first taste of how BLM handles their internal problems. They went so far as to try to smear the reputation of the agent who worked the case. They did everything they could to stop him from completing his investigation.”

Special Agent Sederwall, Tunnell, and the others got a U.S.attorney over in West Texas to call a grand jury. Jurors were sworn in. Subpoenas were issued, some to BLM officials. The officials never showed. The Justice Department just “. . . stopped pushing the case.” The grand jury expired. Says Tunnell, “In an investigation that lasted 14 months, with 15 agents involved, with 3,000 pieces of documents identifying the corruption and fraud, at no level did we ever get to a grand jury and provide evidence.”

Here it is once again, reflections of how the Burns Amendment went through Congress, with no perusal by anyone else but Burns and Senator Reid.  One can assume from all of this as well, the millions of dollars spent on investigation, by BLM Agents and the Justice Department, and only a very high ranking source could “null and void” the situation.  We can only speculate, but certainly obtain the knowledge something was crooked, and money paid to Government officials – and many of us in the media, as well as other horse people and advocates, do not think that is such a far fetched thought in regard toward any this situation what so ever.

Tunnell goes on to state, “. . . The idea that government employees who have daily interactions with cattlemen will protect the interests of the wild-horse herds is absolutely absurd. When it comes to rustling government mustangs, the greed would have made a drug lord blush, say the agents, who claim to have solid evidence, including tapes of informants saying that BLM employees were taking money.

Illegal Activities of the BLM and Private Contractors

This list has been taken from a Public Document, i.e. Summary, New Mexico Wild Horse and Burro Investigation, Case Number: RP-05-93-021-01; This Summary was an Informative Summary put together by the former Director of the BLM, Jim Baca, and meant for the eyes-only of the incoming Director of the BLM, in regard to this “Ongoing” investigation.  It is of illegal activity by BLM personnel, Private Contractors, and others unspecified, dealing with or is a BLM employee or private contractor.

Of Note: There were four Investigations ongoing at this time; Case #RP-05-93-021-01; Case #NM-960-03-93-021-023SA; Case #NM-960-03-021-020; and Case #NM-960-08-92-021-805 respectively.

The highlights of the Investigations follow;

1. BLM Management personnel have authorized the transportation of wild horses to group adopters at the expense of the government;
2. BLM management personnel have authorized the fee waiver and/or fee reduction of wild horses without delegated authority;
3. BLM management failed to inspect and prepare written reports for group adopter facilities and property prior to receiving adopted wild horses;
4. BLM personnel publicly and openly promoted the commercial us of wild horses, i.e., bucking stock and slaughter house;
5. BLM personnel in concurrence with BLM management, entered false information regarding the wild horse documents into BLM DPS-8000 data base;
6. BLM personnel through their government positions, arranged for special privileges and allowances pertaining to wild horse adoptions;
7. BLM personnel and management knowingly converted to the use of another, wild horses belonging to theUnited   States;
8. BLM personnel and management did knowingly attempt to interfere with an ongoing investigation by discussing privileged information regarding the Investigation with other BLM personnel, some of whom were subjects of the Investigation;
9. Many, many more “lack of document” charges, especially in regard to the Wild Horse Herd Counts and the financial income and expenditures mandatory at each BLM facility, were not completed, lost, or unavailable for confirmation – in order to appropriate funding for each facility;
10. Several more listings expressed concern toward illegal activity, and lack of following directorial and mandated training and compliance of Inspectors, Wranglers, and Field Level Administrators of the Wild Horse and Burro Program.

So how did this become a situation where the Grand Jury was virtually taken out of the entire equation here, despite the fact there were approximately 872 Felony Counts; and 1,279 combined Felony and Misdemeanor Counts, to include fraudulent paperwork, fraudulent data input into the BLM computer systems, erroneous paperwork, Employee Misconduct, money laundering, misplaced funds and much more.

Well, it gets even more interesting here, as the list will show, given by one Deputy Field Solicitor, Department of Justice:

1. Attempts by BLM managers to learn about sealed Grand Jury information;
2. Participation  by BLM managers in destruction of evidence;
3. Alerting suspects concerning impending search warrants;
4. Release of confidential informant and undercover investigator identities, actions he noted, threatened the lives of both the informant and the investigating agents;
5. Threats of abuse and sexual innuendos, reduction-in-work-force, and other discriminatory situations happened as well, but too numerous to list here.

After all of that an Attorney, Charles Brooks in the Department of Justice, chimed in and recommended against undertaking any prosecution, because, he concluded, “the Wild Horse and Burro Program was so tainted that it would be unfair to single anyone out for prosecution.”

The fact is — this is all public information.  This is part of the checks and balance system of our Government system, without which theft and other illegal activities, ripping off taxpayer dollars at will, can simply run-amok and cost taxpayers in the billions of dollars each year, as it does now because this system is not working.  The BLM continues to remain totally out of control, with no checks-and-balance system in place.  This government agency is a mess, and no one is doing anything about it, at the expense of our Wild Horse Herds, with the Slaughter propaganda simply being a rouse, or something to take our attention away from the real problem, the BLM itself.  Frankly, these Wild Horse Herds do not, and never did need to be rounded up and taken off of BLM (America’s) Lands – the information to do so remains false even to this day.

The problem toward resolution is actually getting our justice portion of our Government to act accordingly.  Taxpayers have already paid for a thorough investigation, the BLM’s own information shows both negligence and illegal activity, and the Internet is beyond flooded with Wild Horse Herd Abuses at just about every horse herd roundup that has taken place. Nothing was done, the taxpayer once again gets $0 from the BLM, in the mean time, BLM administrators, they stand their giving the taxpayers the finger.

It is also obvious to those of us that handle horses almost daily, that unqualified people are being hired to do the roundups, and being paid large amounts of taxpayer money to do little to nothing except steal the horses for profit.  Our Government needs to act, rid our financial system of this untrustworthy, dishonest, and certainly spend-freely Government agency.  It no longer has a useful purpose, other than illegal activities and mismanaged lands for personal profits, and that is about all.

For the entire informative packet and interview see Horses Led To Slaughter, Anatomy of a Cover Up in the Wild Horse and Burro Program, PEER White Paper, Number 14, Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility, Washington D.C. 20009-1125, http://www.peer.org/pubs/whitepapers/1997_horses_to_slaughter.pdf , 1997.

An Interview with Former Sen. Conrad Burns, http://www.animallawcoalition.com/wild-horses-and-burros/article/1052, Posted Sep 17, 2009.

Former BLM Employee Pleads Guilty to Public Corruption Charges Sophisticated Contract Manipulation Scheme Defrauds BLM of Over $400,000, http://www.fbi.gov/portland/press-releases/2010/pd041610.htm

“The attempt by activists to discredit the new appointees to the Wild Horse and Burro Advisory Board is a typical tactic employed by anti-BLM partisans to push their anti-management agenda by any means possible. Their apocalypse-now, sky-is-falling rhetoric is flagrantly dishonest and is clearly aimed at preventing the BLM from gathering horses from overpopulated herds on the range. The BLM is not ‘managing for extinction.’ There is no conspiracy to put down healthy horses that are in off-the-range holding facilities. Members on our board are qualified based on their knowledge of the law, current program actions, and their commitment to ensuring that healthy horses thrive in balance with other public rangeland resources and uses.” Tom Gory – Public Relations BLM (Feb. 2012) in response to complaints from the general public about mismanagement of Wild Horse Herds on BLM Land.

There comes a time when our government agencies are simply “out-of-hand” and irresponsive as well as irresponsible, especially toward the common folks, essentially the American Public.  These agencies are simply Stewarts’ of our lands and animals (i.e. Constitution of the United States of America).  This can be observed by how any particular government agency, in this article the BLM, responds to an “Open-Debate” circumstance, or to the general public — as a BLM Administrator responded above.

Do Legitimate Concerns Exist?

This article will answer, in fact, some of the outrageous statements made by Tom Gory, who is in a position to “know better” than state outlandish comments toward the public, whose lands he is nothing more than managing for us all.  As a Veteran myself, I take his comments as an insult, and his attitude as disgraceful and disrespectful to every Veteran and to common folks and their families in America.  To claim myself and others as dishonest, when we simply question their dishonesty is quite appalling, distasteful, and arrogant!  Yet another government employee that should not be working for the government!

Because we, as Americans, attempt to generate an “Open Debate” situation, and through our Freedom of Speech capacity, does not make any of us less of a citizen here in America what so ever.  As a matter of fact, I as well as other Veterans, would question directly any person within the government, in another words a government employee, their tenacity as well as their attitude, to question a taxpayers concerns; especially when a taxpayer is questioning obvious abuse, illegal activities, or ongoing ethics violations, all within this government agency.

What do the Taxpayers receive for their Money?

Frankly, there must be an end-result, a situation of benefit to the general American population, as prescribed by policy and in regard to benefits posed per taxpayer dollar spent.  This is ignored most often, especially in this circumstance.  Many times a small percentage, in this case .00001% is generating a profit from millions of dollars per taxpayer money spent, with no benefits to the taxpayer.

James Sebastian, accountant/CPA, generated the following from a perusal of BLM expenditure, precisely the Wild Horse Roundups, holding corrals, and shipping:

1. $2.6 Billion Dollars BLM Horse Herd Management of Taxpayer Money Spent;
2. Benefits to Taxpayers while spending taxpayer money = $0;
3. Benefits to Local Area Ranchers/politicians/oil industry accumulative, pay-offs and continuing profit = $12.4 billion dollars and rising.

“This is significant,” Mr. Sebastian states, “. . . as this becomes, and has been, a slice of our public debt, and unfortunately hidden from the public at large.  Taxpayers should know where their money is going, it should not be hidden.  Right now it is hidden in the BLM, with no credibility or attempt to show the tax paying public the real figures and costs of the roundups.  This compared to simply leaving the Wild Herds alone, at an approximate cost-field-management amount of perhaps $852,000.00 per year, for grassland management, horse management, and cattle grazing management.” (i.e. Grassland Management Principles) et al.

Our government agencies, whether they accept the fact or not, can either shine as a glowing example of taking care of the publics interest, or become a government agency that virtually remains at war with the American public at large; most often this is to cover up their questionable, and often unethical and illegal management methods.  This is not a conspiracy principle, rather, an observation of how the BLM manages America’s Wild Horse Herds, and the BLM is mismanaging our horse herds, then lying about it to us all.

BLM and Questionable Payments to Contractors

Often money illegalities such as money skimming, laundering of money, and contractors lying in regard to daily hours worked, or in this case actual horse counts, often come into play.  Padded accounts in government agencies, and the 10% contingency realm is not overlooked either, and many government employees derive a profitable margin while obtaining “under the table” wages.

As Mr. Gory, Public Relations of the Horse and Burro Program states in a matter of fact style when discussing the general publics’ complaint against horse slaughter and BLM’s management, he states “Their apocalypse-now, sky-is-falling rhetoric is flagrantly dishonest and is clearly aimed at preventing the BLM from gathering horses from overpopulated herds on the range.. . .” is a, well, dishonest statement, a flagrant lie by him and the BLM.

But allow me to further this debate, by giving you the actual BLM figures, the cost of one portion of the Roundups, the Private Contractors payment for the actual roundup work.

Examples of Payments to one Private Contractor

Here I will use the Sun J Livestock contractor.  This Private Contractor uses Helicopter Roundup methods (abundant videos and information is available on the Internet showing extreme abuse, so no further reference given here due to space) which virtually “Kills” a large percentage of wild horses during the roundups.

This “Kill” percentage is extremely high for roundups in general, near the value of anywhere from 4% to 16% and left under a covered-up shroud of questionable conduct, with no excuse from the Private Contractor or BLM Supervisory staff, other than a “Go to Hell” attitude when questioned about the over-kill rates.  To clarify the situation further as to why they hurry, it is to get the job done, at the horses’ expense or death, as they are paid per horse, and as shown further, incorrect horse counts in their favor.  The faster they get done, the more profit they make.

February 23, 2011 – Sun J Livestock received $82,648.20 for not even an entire weeks worth of roundup;

September 13, 2010 — Sun J Livestock received $82,966.00 for a little short of a weeks worth of roundup;

December 6, 2010 — Sun J Livestock received $649,850.20 for a little over a weeks worth of roundup;

January 10, 2011 — Sun J Livestock received $1,221,767.90 for about two weeks, if that, of roundup; etc. . . .

I think you get the picture here, and keep in mind between the dates of September 13, 2010, and January 12, 2012 there were 24 Roundups and similar payments made to this Private Contractor in Nevada.

Many people attempted to obtain a proper horse count, but could not do so.  This is because the BLM Management will not allow people into the holding corrals to obtain a proper count of horses.  In this case it is the Private Contractor, Sun J Livestock, who on several occasions threatened and coerced people away from the holding sites during the roundups.

A proper evaluation could not be assimilated, in regard to Actual-Cost breakdowns, due to these reasons of questionable conduct.  It is noted as well that often the BLM Supervisory Staff was nowhere to be found when problems arose between taxpayers attempting to stop abuse, or do legitimate head counts at the roundups.

The pay-outs to this Private Contractor listed here were minimums.  Keep in mind also; this particular Contractor, as well as most others, has been linked to several Senators and Congressmen.  Why the Congressional Ethics Committee has not looked into this situation is not known for sure.

What does the Rancher pay for using Public Lands, our lands, to graze?  “The Federal grazing fee for 2012 will be $1.35 per animal unit month (AUM). . .”  An animal unit is 2 cows and governed on the amount being a per year basis.  Keep in mind this price for grazing on public lands has not been raised since 1978, even though BLM’s “rhetoric” labels this years grazing prices as $1.35, presenting it as the price for the past two years.  When checked it was $1.35 from 1978 onward.

Using the same unit, the ranchers in Nevada has a maximum overhead, to include transportation to slaughtering facilities of their cattle of an estimated .08 cents per cow.  Often this can generate a 284% profit margin, due to fluctuating sales prices in their market.  This is a tremendous profit margin, and is not passed on to the taxpaying public what so ever.

At the taxpayer’s expense we not only pay a high price for beef at the market, but due to the useless current eradication of wild horse herds, rather than simple management techniques implimented, we also pay a high price for cattle to graze as well.  Ironically, much of the grazing lands available is simply left unused, not overgrazed as we are led to believe by BLM staff.  Often it is a rare occasion when small bands of horses are seen what so ever, even when the numbers were supposedly much larger.  Again, looking at the BLM’s horse-count numbers, it becomes obvious, and they have lied about how many wild horses are on Federal lands.

So the question, “Is BLM being truthful about their grazing and public land use prices?”  Here is what they say: “The annually determined grazing fee is computed by using a 1966 base value of $1.23 per AUM/HM for livestock grazing on public lands in Western states. The figure is then calculated according to three factors – current private grazing land lease rates, beef cattle prices, and the cost of livestock production. In effect, the fee rises, falls, or stays the same based on market conditions, with livestock operators paying more when conditions are better and less when conditions have declined.”

If the $1.35 never changes, then how do they assume it is assimilated on a yearly basis?  Their statements and the yearly figures of cattle sales, for example, simply do not add up correctly.  Indeed, the market has changed since 1978, prices everywhere else have met the market standard, and businesses remain profitable.  Ranchers in other areas, away from BLM lands remain profitable as well.  There are many questions to be answered from this situation alone.

We must also look at how the horses are a danger to our Public Lands, and according to BLM staff are overgrazing these lands.  The fact is they do not, and it is quite obvious. When perusing the BLM numbers, in support of overgrazing, the numbers appear bogus and certainly do not appear as legitimate figures to base an “overgrazing” decision upon what so ever.

Again, for the available lands we can peruse the BLM’s documents.  “The BLM, an agency of the U.S. Department of the Interior, manages more land — over 245 million surface acres — than any other Federal agency. Most of this public land is located in 12 Western states, including Alaska.  The Forest Service, an agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, manages approximately 193 million acres of Federal lands in 44 states, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands.”  Both agencies have Wild Horse Herds within the boundaries of their land, our land.

If we add these together, horses basically have access to 438 million acres, of which in excess of 245 million acres that a horse can roam in the western states.  The amount of cattle grazing these same acres is slight, estimated at an inconsistent figure of perhaps 32,000 cattle at any given time (i.e. per sales fluctuation) with “. . . 18,000 grazing permits and leases administered by the BLM and more than 8,000 permits administered by the Forest Service.”  When investigated these permit numbers also become bogus, with no fluctuation in numbers from one year to the next.  At best, accountablity toward a real “permits issued” situation would certainly fluctuate from year to year.  This may be due to never updating their data to the public.

There exists no reason for the Wild Horse Roundups.  So it becomes easy to conclude, without assuming a “. . . sky-is-falling. . .” attitude that there is simply no reason at all to thin out the Wild Horse Herds.  We can use the BLM’s own figures and their rhetoric which is easily seen-through, to conclude this.  Overgrazing as excuses to thin-out these horse herds, very profitable for a very few with no return to the taxpaying public, are simply unacceptable and non-extent, whether it be provided academically or ideologically, or by policy (no policy such as this exists) there is simply no reason to do so at this time.

Holding Corrals

Conclusively what is found within BLM documents is not any “Real” reason to gather Wild Horses through a roundup and management methodology, and then take them to holding corrals.  The unneccessary cost, within a cavalier and frivolous spending frenzy of taxpayer money, becomes more obvious.  Not included within this document are the theft/stealing of horses for slaughter and private use without adoption; although, it has been stated by several informants that every 6 out of 10, or 12 out of every twenty horses in holding corrals are stolen.  This will be approached later and within another context.

For holding corrals there exist huge expenditures of taxpayer money, not so ironic is the fact many of these holding corrals are located in Nevada.  To say these are questionable situations remains an understatement.  Again, many of these holding corrals are directly or indirectly held by government entities and their friends, and even BLM employee’s families and friends.

One facility, for example, was paid $16, 683,991.00 for holding horses within their corrals, for only a short time period. A horse auction company was paid $15,069,135.00 for holding Wild Horses for auction, and for just a few days until sold. The pay-offs, or what are termed Contract Payments (i.e. a somewhat list of payments at this Internet site) are questionable. These are simply two examples of several hundred more holding-corrals, some legal, many not and holding horses for illegal or questionable activity. Yet the taxpayers still pay the facilities owners for the use of their corrals, whether legal or illegal.

This brings about yet another question, “Where does the money go for the sales of the horses?”  There exist no records of payment to taxpayers of money made from these auctions. Even though wild horse herds are considered Federal Property, with laws and well established procedures available in selling Federal Property, it is ignored. It goes without saying here that illegal sales of horses, stolen horses, etc., are just as plentiful, and the same holding corrals for both legitimate horses and stolen horses are used togwther and at taxpayers expense.

Conclusion

This Journalist sees no extreme or overboard or superfluous activity within any of the Wild Horse Activist’s attitudes.  There exist no “. . . sky is falling. . .” attitudes.  On the contrary, there does exist beyond a doubt, legitimate concerns.  The frivolous attitude toward spending a lot of taxpayer money is obvious, and for what?  At this time it is unclear as to what or why, other than fictitious and erroneous information that is given to the public and by the BLM employees in general.  The questionable roundups and extreme costs do exist, and despite name calling and cheap-shot condescending remarks said by BLM Administrators toward those who have done their research and found the entire situation questionable, is distasteful and arrogant.

Currently, we must keep in mind this is not a mere non-personal entity such as the generic function of the term BLM, rather these are government employees taking advantage of a particular situation, while making a profit for themselves, their friends, and other family members, and with those involved within our government at many different levels.  It becomes apparent that the Wild Horse Herds, our Wild Horse Herds and the American Icon, is defenseless.

The common American is speaking, right now being ignored, but that will not last for long as Americans, together, become strong, and their strength is growing in voting numbers until politicians and the courts will no longer be able to ignore us all.  Sustaining our Wild Horse Herds is an American promise to such an Icon, as to say thank you for helping us build America, and we indeed love and respect you all.

References:

United   StatesConstitution – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Constitution

BLM and Forest Service Announce 2012 Grazing Fee, Release Date: 01/31/12 http://www.blm.gov/wo/st/en/info/newsroom/2012/january/NR_01_31_2012.html

Example list of Private Contractors Income/Payout for Roundups:  https://www.fpds.gov/dbsight/fpdsportal?indexName=awardfull&templateName=1.4.2&s=FPDSNG.COM&q=support+activities+for+animal+production%2C+wild+horse+CONTRACTING_AGENCY_NAME%3A%22BUREAU+OF+LAND+MANAGEMENT%22+VENDOR_FULL_NAME%3A%22SUN+J+LIVESTOCK%22