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Article and Research — John Cox, Cascade Mountains
The Bureau of Land Management employees tell us, Taxpayer’s et al., about their Wild Horse Herd Counts, and they state an over-population of Wild Horses’ out there, rampaging over Our Public and Federal Lands, and just destroying everything in sight.  They also state they are starving, or worse, and they eat the range out of everything available, and directly compete with the food sources on the range, with cattle and sheep and many other wildlife.

Let’s take a look at this already proven lie, on many different levels, of wild horse over-population.  First we look at those who agree with the BLM, and understand a $-profit-base is at hand, and they are formidable liars as well, or just go along with what the BLM states as a Socioeconomic (Federal Court will neither accept as evidence nor fact. . . Reno, NV Cirsuit ) truism, rather than any factual truth, and never backed by any data, science, statistics’, nor data gathered, perused and summarized; thereby, No Evidence = No Facts.

Water – Cows versus Horse + – 3%

SEASON	COW :  HORSE	HORSE	COW
Cold Day Range	9-36 : 1	8 – 14 gals. Per day	144 — 216 gals. Per day
Warm Range 90+	59-82 : 1	8 — 14 gals. per day	288 — 452 gals. Per day
Cold Range	BLM Est. 30 : 1  False	8 – 14 gals. Per day	480 – 720 gals. Per day
Warm Range 90+	BLM Est. 30 : 1  False	8 – 14 gals. Per day	960 – 1,400 gals. Per day

(Notes) (1) No Cows allowed Winter Range, between October 15 yearly to April 15 on average, but BLM (i.e. nor Forestry) does not pay attention to regulating nor managing Welfare Ranchers and assuring their cows off of Winter Range – then in Spring, the Wild Horses blamed for the winter-range damage from cattle . . . (2) A bull weighs, on average, 2,400 pounds, whereas a cow weighs around 1,600 pounds. If you use the standard 30:1 cattle (BLM false ratio, as we see minimally increased by 50%) versus horse statistic provided by the BLM, that number ranges from cattle’s 480-720 gallons (cold – 16 to 23 gals per cow per day / warm 32 to 48 gals per cow per day = variable according to weight) of water on a cold day, or cattle’s 960-1,440 gallons of water on a warm day, per day versus the Wild Horse intake of 8-14 gallons – which we discover is consistent…

Forage – Cows versus Horses + – 2%

Forage	Grazing Times	Cow	Horse
	Per 12 Hour days app.	130 lbs per day	20 – 25 lbs per day
	All Grasses/All Day	Mostly Anything	Very Selective
Fire Hazards		Stationary = result = Cheat Grass Fire Hazard	Eat then Roams = No Fire Hazard at all
Accord. BLM Stats	30 : 1 Ratio	3,900 lbs.	25 lbs.

(Notes) the horses are being blamed for the damage that is done by private cattle herds. These private cattle ranchers are knowingly overgrazing their herds on federal lands. The BLM is allowing the cattle to overgraze and continue to allow the increase of the number of cattle while, at the same time, continue to lowering grazing fees.

Population Dynamics and Cycles

What we find is the BLM very inaccurate in the matter of their Wild Horse Herds/Bands, and an extreme variance within their counts and reality or the actual population, that truly exits.  Apparently, they have been allowed over the years, to get away with averages that simply deify any type of Biological reasoning what so ever.  Yes, their numbers most often make “NO” Biological sense what so ever, and even comical at times, and obvious they simply do not know what it is they do not know – and this situation alone is very troubling, as they are paid administrative and manger wages, but simply decisions nothing more than what a moron who is paid minimum wage, would make, in the matters of proper wildlife and lands management.

We also find their statistics are not backed by anything.  Their redundant reference to a study, to promote or referenced within their counts as under-counted, done in the 1993’s, merely an abstract of averages as well, and states within the study the researcher’s never concluded, accurately, what the wild Horse population was at that time, but merely another surmised-average based upon BLM numbers (estimates, as no one really counted much of anything even then, accurately) that BLM employees lie about today – or they may simply take the word of someone else, and not read the study that others referenced.  BLM employees will state this same White paper, stating statistics clear that they are undercounting the Wild Horse Over-population, is simply a travesty, and really not a referenced matter at all.

“Environmental factors constrain the growth of populations, and density-dependent factors set an upper limit on their size.  Population size also is affected fundamentally by the rate of growth of the population and by the addition or removal of density-dependent factors.” – E.O. Wilson, PhD Research Biologist – 48 years

The rate of growth of populations, can vary enormously across species, and Wild Horses no different.  E coli, for example if left unchecked, would double in population every 20 minutes.  Apparently, this filled many BLM offices, and left unchecked 😊 . . . In the real world, this type of exponential growth only occurs at a short time period.  The E. coli example, at the rate mentioned above, after 36 hours the descendants of a single bacterium would cover the surface of the Earth one-foot deep, and within the next hour would be over all of our heads.

In the matters of Wild Horses, as well as other wildlife, we can get into a natural “moderation of population” – but only if allowed to do so, with little to no human intervention.  What is referred to here is nothing more than “carrying capacity” and the equilibrium of how a population size remains in balance, and within a habitat that can support them.  Our Public and Federal Lands can support an entire population of Wild Horses, as good science shows us, and a lot of research that states the same.

1. The only irrational situation we run across, currently, is the fact we cannot depend on the non-credible numbers i.e. wild horse counts – statistics that the BLM offers as truth, in the matters of placing (or leaving them alone) Our Nation’s Wild Horse’s on Public and Federal Lands. 2. There exists nothing to confirm, or to generate credibility within their (BLM/Forestry) non-biological statistics, no scientific or credible references, and lack of range confirmation data-gathered that will confirm it.  In reality, no one can really state for sure, about “Not” placing Wild Horses on our Public and /Federal Lands, and their comments merely inuendo with nothing to back them up – 3. In direct opposition, we have a lot of science, a lot of research, and simply a lot of knowledge to back-up, within data, strategy, as well as sound statistical data and research narrative, that point directly to Re-Releasing the wild Horses’ back onto Public and Federal Lands, and simply leave them alone . . .

Reproductive Strategies

We have two reproductive strategies, biologically supported and well researched, that directly contradict the single-species priority (or BLM/Forestry non-scientific paradigm) of cattle and sheep only, on our Public and Federal Lands; or, as we refer to them as non-biological paradigms that simply destroy wildlife as well as our entire environment on our nations’ landscape.  And that is the danger, to not only the Wild Horses, but to our over-all environment, and human’s alike. and the reckless use of chemicals, radioactivity from mining and fracking, and other dangerous pesticides used more and more on Our lands.

We have the r-strategy and the K-strategy.  The r-strategy refers to the intrinsic rate of population increase.  The K-strategy refers to the Karrying Kapacity, a variant of the term carrying capacity.  Not all animals fall into these groups I mention, exclusively, but the labels useful for identification or categorizing the overall picture of population change.

Animals that live in a dangerous or unstable environment tend to be r-strategists’.  Wild horses are more prone to live within a K-strategists’ environment.  This is one of a few excellent reasons many of us are, and remain, anti-pesticide pzp, as we favor the natural circumstance of a healthy environment, and healthy Ecological Habitats, over the no-strategy what so ever of the single-species-glut of cows on our Public and Federal Lands.

But this is a knowledgeable and a more academic realm in favoring nature over and above the human-problems of perception; as well, over the ignorance portrayed up to this point on the use of pesticide pzp, and arguing over sales brochure information rather than outright-science.  Breed controls are simply a human-perception, part of the human-problem, that have no place within a healthy Ecological Process and Habitat, what so ever. . .

K-strategists, wild horses in this example, reproduce later in life, or around, safely, 5 to 6 years of age.  More time is invested in their off-spring, and why we do not like to see the breed-control’s imposed upon Wild Horses, and generating Band disruption within many of the Wild Horse Bands on Public Lands – this is disruptive to the K-strategy – in reality, an unworkable situation – something BLM the Forestry and HSUS does not seem to understand, and they are totally out of their realm in pushing pesticide pzp on the Wild Horses at all.

We have within this paradigm, a succession of interaction, diversity, as well as creating or sustaining a healthy Ecological Habitat – we also find those who do not understand why we want to re-establish the Wild Horses on Public Lands, and left alone, as this paradigm is simply too difficult for them to understand how it all works.  We refer to this mind-set as shallow, not responsive to nature, and what it can provide for wildlife and human’s alike.

Populations in these circumstances, both strategies, grow quickly, but their growth levels off.  The strategies involved, we find in good science and well collected data and research, and closure of the hypothesis, in regard to interpreting the data and research collected.  We find an equilibrium at their carrying capacity, or what is referred to as the number of individuals the habitat can support.

Up and coming within the next article will be the strategy, the overall outlook of Population-Density, where environmental restraints grow in significance as population density increases.  For example, territory, ecological islands, growth of habitat, diversity in wildlife and terrestrial landscape, disease, predation, are all population density factors. . . as well as emigration and immigration; such as, emigration caused by inadequate food supply within a territory, and particular species simply move on to a healthier habitat to support themselves . . .

Research and Written by: John Cox, Cascades

References

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Click to access WATERLF0503.pdf

http://forages.oregonstate.edu/nfgc/eo/onlineforagecurriculum/instructormaterials/availabletopics/management/livestock

Click to access BLM_USFS-grazing-analysis_2014_Daily-Pitchfork.pdf

http://animalscience.uconn.edu/extension../publications/pastureexist.htm

http://beef.unl.edu/water-requirements-for-beef-cattle

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cattle

“To deny “corruption” is to acknowledge its existence, yet remain complacent to its ultimate goal, to achieve profit from others within an illegal capacity, who are placed into a disadvantage within representation, that actually should or would protect the disadvantaged from such “corrupt” endeavors; thereby, lack of representation, or accepting the lies as truth ongoing upon our Public and Federal Lands, I discuss here the very blatant “taking away of one’s “Rights” and all the while “seized” by a very small population of corporations and industries, rather than “Secure” ALL American’s Right’s, which are far more significant.  This is America, and we can do far better than this.”  — John Cox, Cascade Mountain Range

Today, right now and have-been for quite some time now, we are selling out our American Icons, the Wild Horses.  Mere lies and outright misinformation lead this storm of selling one of Our prized Icons Out, the Wild Horses, by nothing more than bigots, the blatantly ignorant, and bias people that really do not know any different!  We see them sacrificed for Welfare Ranching, which, as science shows very well, is non-sustainable management paradigms, not supported by science at all, and prevalent today, by BLM-Forestry and directly related to Cattle Ranching on America’s Public and Federal Lands.

As one BLM employee told me, “It is only tax money. What is it to you?”

The problem is unacceptable, and American’s, once the truth be known, and acknowledged, the Wild Horses being sold-out by BLM, Welfare Ranchers, and corporations, for their own religious — or personal benefit, within a corrupt context, and obvious to many.  This exemplifies where America is going today, and unacceptable to the majority – that is and as I stated, when the truth be known . . .

Our form of government, simply is not designed to favor one entity or person over another.  When we assimilate the Constitution of the United States, we see right-off, “We the People . . . all men are created equal.”

“Federal law defines fraud as any intentional deception or misrepresentation used to benefit yourself or someone else. … These laws identify specific types of fraud crimes, each of which has specific penalties associated with them.  All, when proven, are Felonies.” — 2011 US Code, Title 18 – Crimes and Criminal Procedure, Part I – CRIMES (§§ 1 – 2725), Chapter 47 – FRAUD AND FALSE STATEMENTS (§§ 1001 – 1040)

As you will notice within the Constitution of the United States, industry and corporations are not mentioned as having “Rights”; although, when Congress passed legislation creating a corporation to have the “Rights” of a normal human and American, they neglected to understand that the “Rights” given as a corporation to be an individual in America, cannot and “should not” seize all “Rights” from all other Individuals’ in America.  This is preposterous to assume, in total.

To undermine this ideological base of Our Constitution, whereas, the common American is “Not Represented”, in this case within the administration and framework of the operational aspects of the Bureau of Land Management (i.e. BLM), we then have a big problem with the ongoing and corrupt maneuvers’ of business-conflicts, that is, contrary to Our Constitution.  Obviously, and from the comment below, we need to be far more careful on who it is we elect into office to Represent Our views and demands on how Our Federal and Public Lands managed.

“Corporations Are People, And They Have More Rights Than You. Ever since Citizens United, the Supreme Court’s 2010 decision allowing unlimited corporate and union spending on political issues, Americans have been debating whether, as Mitt Romney said, “Corporations are people, my friend.” — Jun 30, 2014

Does the Constitution mean anything?

“The First Amendment – Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or of the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for redress of grievance.” 

Keep in mind this situation is not just a Constitutional situation, that within all confines, should be debated within the Supreme Court dockets, but the Bill of Rights, intended for All American’s, seized and corrupted by policies and inadequate laws, that simply do not fulfil the landscape of neither the “Bill of Rights” nor Our “Constitution”, within the aforementioned government agency.  Did our current representatives actually Represent the People of the United States in these issues?  Certainly not, and time for either them to do so, or be replaced by those who will represent Our Constitution and Bill of Rights.  In reality, the Welfare Rancher contingent attempted to “change” the Constitution, for their benefit, not our as taxpayers – as superior evidence and facts show us quite well.

Here, exemplified below, is the major problem, and how they arrived at this point was through total corruption, Fraud, and Misinformation – as the “biological” facts contrary to BLM decision making, as well as stand-out actions provide to us, as facts:

1. $2.6 Billion Dollars BLM Horse Herd Management of Taxpayer Money Spent;
2. Benefits to Taxpayers while spending taxpayer money = $0;
3. Benefits to Local Area Ranchers/politicians/oil industry accumulative, pay-offs and continuing profit = $12.4 billion dollars and rising.

“This is significant,” Mr. Sebastian, Research CPA, states, “. . . as this becomes, and has been, a slice of our public debt, unfortunately hidden from the public at large.  Taxpayers should know where their money is going, it should not be hidden.  Right now, it is hidden in the BLM and under the “false” guise of Socioeconomics’ (which, when explained – similar to wild horse herd counts, absurd in total — is only bizarre, with no factual economics provable by budgets’, nor profits provable at all = lies – i.e. see Federal Court documents – Reno, NV Circuit – February/March hearings versus BLM), with no credibility or attempt to show the tax paying public the real figures and costs of the roundups.

This compared to simply leaving the Wild Herds alone, at an approximate cost-field-management amount of perhaps $52,000 to $75,000 per year if that, for grassland management, wild horse management, and cattle grazing management.” (i.e. Grassland Management Principles) et al.

Helicopter Roundups Exemplify the Problem

Here I will use the Sun J Livestock contractor.  This Private Contractor uses Helicopter Roundup methods (abundant videos and information is available on the Internet showing extreme abuse, so no further reference given here due to space) which virtually “Kills” a large percentage of wild horses during the roundups – and those killed on the Range, are paid for by Your taxpayer money, and written down within the BLM Inventory, that goes to Procurement for Private Contractor Payments, as transported to the nearest Temporary Holding Corral under the management of BLM-Forestry(even though, also as evidence and facts show us, they were not transported at all, but left dead on the range)  This is Fraud, and Misinformation given to Procurement to pay for goods and services not done . . . – Violation of US Code, Title 18 – Crimes and Criminal Procedure, Part I – CRIMES (§§ 1 – 2725), Chapter 47 – FRAUD AND FALSE STATEMENTS (§§ 1001 – 1040

This “Kill” percentage is extremely high for roundups in general, near the value of anywhere from 12% to 24% based upon Reality-Averages — and left under a covered-up shroud of questionable conduct, with no excuse from the Private Contractor or BLM Supervisory staff, other than a “Go to Hell” attitude when questioned about the over-kill rates, and yet paid as if rounded up and delivered commodities, to Procurement for payment.

To clarify the situation further as to why they hurry, it is to get the job done, at the horses’ expense or death, as they are paid per horse, and as shown further, incorrect horse counts in their favor.  The faster they get done, the more profit they make.  Example’s abound, as well as evidence and fact:

February 23, 2011 – Sun J Livestock received $82,648.20 for not even an entire weeks’ worth of roundup;

September 13, 2010 — Sun J Livestock received $82,966.00 for a little short of a weeks’ worth of roundup;

December 6, 2010 — Sun J Livestock received $649,850.20 for a little over a weeks worth of roundup;

January 10, 2011 — Sun J Livestock received $1,221,767.90 for about two weeks, if that, of roundup; etc. . . .

The Truthful Landscape of the situation quite obvious

I think you get the picture here, and keep in mind between the dates of September 13, 2010, and January 12, 2012 there were 24 Roundups and similar payments made to this Private Contractor in Nevada.  NOW, think about the roundups that have taken place, monthly, from 2012 to 2019 – and we see an industry that has developed on nothing more than fake/false wild horse herd counts (All Felonies under — US Code, Title 18 – Crimes and Criminal Procedure, Part I – CRIMES (§§ 1 – 2725), Chapter 47 – FRAUD AND FALSE STATEMENTS (§§ 1001 – 1040), as well as significant over-population of cattle, very destructive and costly to taxpayers as well, on our Public and Federal Lands – in violation of many laws too numerous to list here. . .

Myth Lies and Misinformation

All of this is built upon nothing more than myth, by the the cattle industry, that is “presumptuously under this myth” that Welfare Ranching is “needed” (lies – misinformation) on our Public and Federal Lands – We look at Domestic Sales Receipts, as further factual evidence, of a mere less than 1% of beef sales (beef from Welfare Rancher’s holding Federal Grazing Permits), and at a 34%  overall (i.e. commercial and Federal Grazing Permit beef combined) of Beef commodities’ expire and thrown out within the market place. . . We see no need for this extravagance to the taxpayer $-billions of dollars extended to support Welfare Ranching at all, when, in reality, nothing received for the taxpayer, nor from the Welfare Ranching on Our Lands — nor the need for significant destruction of our Wild Horses in America, as well as our environmental concerns (ignored most often) – all built on nothing more than a tremendous, dubious myth, as well as an insurmountable mountain of lies  . . . Science is left out on all BLM and Forestry decision making, when Welfare Ranching or Wild Horses concerned, as Evidence and facts show us, as well, quite clearly, indeed.

Also, keep in mind, in 2019, these numbers have accelerated, and contractors committing fraud prevalent, and very provable as fact, but neglected by authorities’ as well as those who represent Our behalf, under the Constitution of the United Sates and Bill of Rights . . . and certainly, at the expense of taxpayers, contrived wild horse herd counts (biologically unprovable in total, as evidence shows as well), which still remain unprovable just from Biological Facts alone, remain their reasoning to commit Fraud toward all taxpayer’s.

There exists no-excuse, by government agencies, to allow this to continue – what so ever!  This is America, we stop corruption in its tracks — this quality still exists, and obviously ignored right now, but we expect change soon.

Written by: John Cox, Cascades