RSS

Tag Archives: environment

The Balance of Nature Is Doing What It Does . . .

Article by
John Cox M.A, C/M

The “Balance of Nature” is nature, when left undisturbed, exists in a state of stable equilibrium through self-regulating processes . . .  Predator-prey relationships and food webs show us stability or instability, or worse.  Yes, Nature communicates with us, quite well – “if” or “when” we listen. Historically influential was the fact, we feared Nature in ancient times, when ignorance of Nature was the norm, our basic lack of understanding it, qualified by the mystery and a lack of knowledge to explain how the Natural Process of all living things worked. Those ideas and assuredly, beliefs, have been largely superseded by more modern ecological theories, such as dynamic equilibrium, lands and wildlife health, resilience theory, and science relationships toward research, data gathering, and substantial habitat design theories allowing Nature to take care of itself.  

The problems we find today is the fact many people do not understand the actual dynamics of the Balance of Nature. People confuse the “Balance of Nature” with whatever an individual finds necessary to explain their rhetoric — i.e. hunting, ranching, public lands industries, et al., habitat loss, et al.

Contemporary ecology views ecosystems as constantly changing and adapting, rather than being static and perfectly balanced all the time.  This does not mean human-involvement required; but rather, Nature establishes its parameters, and we balance it out with how we react, within the parameters of truthful and credible knowledge we obtain through our constant updating, using observation and a knowledgeable base of information. 

If Nature of any type, as we see today and yet ignored, is showing us destructive venues, through Wildlife going Extinct due to our actions, and other Terrestrial and Wildlife Environments reacting negatively, as well, then we are doing something wrong.  It becomes self-evident.

Key concepts of the Balance of Nature Theory

  • Equilibrium: The core idea is that ecosystems return to a stable state after a disturbance.  This means a problem exists, most often not to be ignored or explained away as if the Balance of Nature changes always – it does not, it reacts positively or negatively to our encumbrance.  This means monitoring and being “truthful” about our ecology, mandatory.  Ignorance is unacceptable in Nature. Nature does not understand Special Interest dynamics, or the encumbrance of over-population lies. . . . So one cannot state they support the Balance of Nature, yet involve themselves in the concept of ranching on Public Lands, or Hunting & Trapping across our Public Lands. These entities mentioned here, have become over the years, a burden to the Balance of Nature, and ignored, as Nature destroyed robustly, rather than those who create the burden, change. Ignorance and bias becomes evident, when the refusal, over all, remains unacceptable to those who destroy nature — yet, refer to themselves as Conservationists.

  • Predator-Prey Dynamics & Food Web: A key example is the relationship between predators and prey, where predators keep prey populations in check, which in turn prevents the over consumption of plants.  The living situation, of all life, predicated upon the support it obtains from each Ecological Habitat.  This also means one Ecological Habitat may differ, totally different within a wildlife or terrestrial presence sometimes 15 miles to 25 miles away.  Birth Rates for Wildlife may be totally different, as well.  In these cases, we find hunting and ranching cattle a disturbance, rather than a healthy circumstance that provides a healthy Ecological Habitat or positive Environmental impacts.  Just the opposite is true, as we fine through science – both disturbances antiquated, and the core negative result unhealthy for human’s, as well.

  • Historical roots: The concept can be traced back to ancient Greek philosophers and was later formalized in the 18th century, where early naturalists proposed that the “balance of the animal world” was maintained by a “curious harmony and just proportion” between the increase of animals and their life spans.  During the next 100 years, the numbers of all these species will fluctuate; yet none will increase indefinitely, and only a few will become extinct… Such ‘observations’ are made the basis for the statement that population size is ‘controlled’ or ‘regulated,’ and that drastic changes in size are the results of upsetting the ‘balance of nature.  The fact is, we cannot allow those with antiquated beliefs {only} whose foundations are created from imagination, or worse bis developed through ignorance.  This is when the occasion of observation becomes a sadness, as we are seeing our Lands and Wildlife be depleted for extreme population necessities (Elk, Deer, certain fish, and Cattle above all else), when in fact these extremes destroy more lands as a result.

Modern ecological view

  • Dynamic rather than static: Modern ecology views ecosystems as dynamic, meaning they are always changing and adapting, rather than being in a constant, static state of balance.  Here we can see the reasoning for the necessity of an acceptable process, a procedure that we can develop truth – without animosity, or hedging a little for a favored monetary arrangement – for industry or ability to control a population, via bias, rather than necessity – especially when no necessity exists.

  • Ecosystems as complex systems: Instead of a simple “balance,” scientists now see ecosystems as complex, constantly changing systems that adapt to new conditions.  Rewilding is a positive result to this situation today.  That is, when done correctly.  Infringement upon a correct methodology toward Rewilding has become challenging for many, due to several reasons.  The most serious is inexperienced people and those who lack education, both, attempt to Rewild, and it becomes a tragedy rather than useful.  For many reasons.

  • Human impact: The theory is often used in a conservation context, but it’s now understood that human activities can severely disrupt these dynamic systems, leading to negative outcomes, inevitable consequences that destroy, rather than influence productive Sustainably circumstances.  Often Wildlife Management, for example, takes the ancient path of belief, despite the conflicts with credible Conservation (refereeing to a group dynamic rather than a credible scientific reality, but an ancient fear-based reality that defies common sense — in a Pick-&-Choose Wildlife Management scheme, based upon Fear, or hunt Paradigms.  Disinformation campaigns the norm, rather than the reality of credible science, chosen.

References:

  • 1. Egerton FN (1973) Changing concepts of the balance of nature. Quart Rev Biol 48: 322–350.
  • 2.Browne T (1669) Pseudoxia epidemica; or, enquiries into very many received tenents, and commonly perceived truths. 5th edition. London: E. Dod.
  • 3.Hale M (1677) The primitive origination of mankind, considered and examined according to the light of nature. London: W. Shrowsbery.
  • 4.White AD (1896) A history of the warfare of science with theology in Christendom. New York: Appleton.
  • 5.Ray J (1693) Three physico-theological discourses, concerning I, the primitive chaos and creation of the world; II, the general deluge, its causes and effects; III, the dissolution of the world, and future conflagration. 2nd edition. London: S. Smith.
  • 6.Derham W (1714) Physico-theology: or, a demonstration of the being and attributes of God, from his work of creation. 3rd edition. London: W. Innys.
  • 7.Linnaeus C (1744) Oratio de telluris habitabilis incremento. Leiden: Cornelium Haak.
  • 8.Bradley R (1718) New improvements in planting and gardening, both philosophical and practical. 2nd edition. London: W. Mears.
  • 9.Bradley R (1721) A philosophical account of the works of nature. Endeavoring to set forth the several gradations remarkable in the mineral, vegetable, and animal parts of creation. Tending to the composition of a scale of life. London: W. Mears.
  • 10.Linnaeus C (1760) Dissertatio academica de politia naturae. HCD Wilcke, respondent. Upsala, Sweden.
  • 11.Buffon G-L (1756) Le lièvre. In: Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière. Volume 6. Paris: Imprimerie royale. pp. 246–284.
  • 12.Bernardin de Saint-Pierre J-H (1797) Studies of nature. H. Hunter, translator. Boston: Thomas and Andrews.
  • 13.Paley W (1802) Natural theology: or, evidences of the existence and attributes of the deity, collected from the appearances of nature. Philadelphia: John Morgan.
  • 14.Lamarck J-B (1801) Système des animaux sans vertèbres, ou, tableau général des classes, des ordres et des genres de ces animaux. Paris: Deterville.
  • 15.Chambers R (1844) Vestiges of the natural history of creation. London: John Churchill.
  • 16. McKinney HL (1966) Alfred Russel Wallace and the discovery of natural selection. J Hist Med Allied Sci 21: 333–357.
  • 17.Darwin C (1859) On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favored races in the struggle for life. London: John Murray.
  • 18.Clements FE (1916) Plant succession: an analysis of the development of vegetation. Washington: Carnegie Institution.
  • 19.Elton C (1930) Animal ecology and evolution. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • 20.Clements FE, Shelford VE (1939) Bio-ecology. New York: John Wiley.
  • 21. Simberloff D (1980) A succession of paradigms in ecology: Essentialism to materialism and probabilism. Synthese 43: 3–39.
  • 22. McIntosh RP (1975) H.A. Gleason – “individualistic ecologist” 1882–1975: his contributions to ecological theory. Bull Torrey Bot Club 102: 253–273.
  • 23.Williams CB (1966) Patterns in the balance of nature and related problems in quantitative ecology. New York: Academic Press.
  • 24. Ehrlich PR, Birch LC (1967) The “balance of nature” and “population control.”. Amer Natur 101: 97–107.
  • 25. Cuddington K (2001) The “balance of nature” metaphor and equilibrium in population ecology. Biol and Philosophy 16: 463–479.
  • 26. Simberloff D (1983) When is an island community in equilibrium? Science 220: 1275–1277.
  • 27. Nicholson AJ (1933) The balance of animal populations. J Anim Ecol 2: 132–178. [
  • 28.Allee WC, Emerson AE, Park O, Park T, Schmidt KP (1949) Principles of animal ecology. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
  • 29.Pimm SL (1991) The balance of nature? Chicago: University of Chicago Press. [
  • 30. Zimmerman C, Cuddington K (2007) Ambiguous, circular and polysemous: students’ definitions of the “balance of nature” metaphor. Public Understand Sci 16: 393–406. [
  • 31.Wiens J (1989) The ecology of bird communities. Volume 2. Processes and variations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • 32. Hastings A, Hom CL, Ellner S, Turchin P, Godfray HCJ (1993) Chaos in biology: is Mother Nature a strange attractor? Annu Rev Ecol Syst 24: 1–33.
  • 33.Pickett STA, Kolasa J, Jones CG (1994) Ecological understanding: The nature of theory and the theory of nature. New York: Academic Press.
  • 34.Pickett STA, Ostfeld RS (1995) The shifting paradigm in ecology. In: Knight RL, Bates SF, editors. A new century for resource management. Washington, DC: Island Press. pp. 261–279.
  • 35. Wu J, Loucks OL (1995) From balance of nature to hierarchical patch dynamics: a paradigm shift in ecology. Quart Rev Biol 70: 439–466.
  • 36. Cooper G (2001) Must there be a balance of nature? Biol and Philos 16: 481–506.
  • 37. Walter GH (2008) Individuals, populations and the balance of nature: the question of persistence in ecology. Biol and Philosoph 23: 417–438.
  • 38. Grimm V, Wissel C (1997) Babel, or the ecological stability discussions: an inventory and analysis of terminology and a guide for avoiding confusion. Oecologia 109: 323–334. DOI
  • 39. Lovelock JE, Margulis L (1974) Atomospheric homeostasis by and for the biosphere: the gaia hypothesis. Tellus 26: 2–10.
  • 40. Tyrrell T (2013) Gaia: the verdict is…. New Sci 220: 30–31.
  • 41.Hanski I (1999) Metapopulation ecology. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • 42.McKibben B (1989) The end of nature. New York: Random House.
  • 43.McKibben (2010) Eaarth: making a life on a tough new planet. New York: St. Martin’s Griffin.
 
Leave a comment

Posted by on November 8, 2025 in Uncategorized

 

Tags: , , , ,

When Diversity of Wildlife No Longer Exists, Predators Turn Against One Another —

Written by
John Cox, M.A, C/M

“Diversity of Wildlife is the key factor to not only a healthy ecology, but life within this Universe. Humans attempt to favor entertainment, and exploitative circumstance, and avoid what I just wrote in the opening of this conversation.

Evolution of life also, often devastating to some, is a fact of living. Then the end-of-life, that is, the life-cycle within this Universe we all live. Whether fallen and die from old age, or, devastated within the Predator-Prey Relationships we see in Nature, and understand, that life exists naturally on this planet we live. Time is our boundaries, toward life — a Universal Law we cannot change. . . We are all part of, and just as receptive to it all, as a small field-mouse in a field, a prey to age, or predators.

Interesting, and the fact is, without human involvement, this life-cycle I discuss here, creates or prolongs a healthy life cycle within the Ecology it exists within — i.e. evidence, for millions of years before we come along. With Human-involvement, not so much, to Zero, actually. So it’s not time, as previously mentioned, being a boundary; but rather, and this is the negative side, whether or not the humans turn-against one another, or not — when Predator-Prey Relationships no longer exist on this planet. Perhaps this planet’s history shows us this, as well . . .

The devastation of one-predator overwhelming other life within a healthy habitat, that was not within their Predator-Prey Relationship — i.e. I give you the cattle and the wolves, bears, household-pets, coyotes, et al., as a definitive and well proven fact this happens — Science and common-sense observations shows us this as fact, as well. Yet we disregard the “Causation” and go after, to kill or eliminate, the symptoms – whether it be Wildlife-Evolution, or Terrestrial-Evolution; or, our own pervasive obnoxious perceptions, derived from ignorance, bigotry, or bias. History shows us also, when these attributes become popular, things drastically change within the evolutionary process.

I find it interesting, all of the preconceptions we place on something like the Natural Life Cycles of this planet . . . The fact is simple, not an excuse to kill more life, or exclude some life, i.e. bias, bigotry, and ignorance, in favor of other life forms — a more entertaining life. . . How sad people are entertained by killing life itself, and for the most ironic illusions, yet state they done the killing to save all of us, or the ranchers, or the community, or . . . whatever bullshit fits their need, i.e. excuse, at the time!

I call that bullshit! Especially, when we are attempting to manage the birthrates within a Wilderness area, or, on the Range, when science tells us, very well and abundantly, Wildlife and our Terrestrial Environments are self-governing, inclusive of population, as well. But human-ego combined with ignorance and bias, and money/greed, then soon we find Nature subordinate to such mind-sets, and destroyed due to them.

Some of the Evolutionary Process may appear to us as unattractive, even disgusting, when we do not understand the Predator-Prey Relationships — and the Natural Balance of Life on this planet. Humans have disconnected this Universal Necessity of Connection we all have between Nature and a Natural Universal Evolutionary Process, in our attempts to control it all.

We need to understand it is not our supposed predatory instincts that control this planet; but rather, it is Nature, and we are a part of it; Whereas, with any other living beings on this planet, and Universal Law, if one living-being or species ultimately controls all life on this planet — Nature will respond negatively.

Ultimately, when no Predator-Prey Relationships exist, Predators turn against one another. We see this often when hunting and trapping over-done in many Wildlife and Wilderness Areas. Frankly, we are seeing it today, already starting. And those with any type of intelligence, can see, many things in our environment and human population as well, becoming worse, the further we disconnect from Nature itself. . . and refusing to understand our connection with it all.” — John Cox, M.A. C/M

 
Leave a comment

Posted by on November 1, 2025 in Uncategorized

 

Tags: , , , ,